Documentation/4.8/Extensions/AnomalousFilters

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Introduction and Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by CAPES and CNPq, a Brazillian Agencies. Information on CAPES can be obtained on the CAPES website and CNPq website.
Author: Antonio Carlos da S. Senra Filho, CSIM Laboratory (University of Sao Paulo, Department of Computing and Mathematics)
Contact: Antonio Carlos da S. Senra Filho <email>acsenrafilho@usp.br</email>

CSIM Laboratory  
University of Sao Paulo  
CNPq Brazil  
CAPES Brazil  


Extension Description

AnomalousDiffusionExtension-logo.png

Anomalous diffusion processes (ADP) are mathematically denoted by a power law in the Fokker-Planck equation, leading to the generalized form. There are several generalizations of the Fokker-Plank equation, which should give many different partial differential equations (PDEs). Here we adopted the so-called porous media equation, allowing the super-diffusive and the sub-diffusive processes [1]. In porous media, channels are created promoting or blocking the flow of the density function, which has been proved to provide a suitable application for MRI noise attenuation [2].

Basically, there are two different filters already implementing the anomalous diffusion process: the isotropic anomalous diffusion and anisotropic anomalous diffusion filters [3]. These filters were already applied on different imaging MR modalities, such as structural T1 and T2 images [4], diffusion-weighted images (DWI and DTI)[5][6], MRI relaxation T1 and T2 relaxometry[7] and to fMRI[8] as an initial study.

Modules

  • General purpose structural image denoising with tissues border preservation function: AAD Image Filter
  • General purpose structural image denoising without tissues border preservation function: IAD Image Filter
  • General purpose diffusion-weighted MR image denoising with tissues border preservation: AAD on DWI Image
  • General purpose echo-planar imaging denoising with tissues border preservation (fMRI and ASL): AAD on EPI Image

Use Cases

Most frequently used for these scenarios:

  • Use Case 1: Noise reduction as a pre-processing step for tissue segmentation
    • When dealing with single voxel classification schemes, a noise reduction pre-processing step is usually helpful to reduce data fluctuation due to acquisition artifacts (e.g. reducing the number of misclassified voxels).
  • Use Case 2: Volume rendering
    • Noise reduction will result in nicer looking volume renderings
  • Use Case 3: Noise reduction as part of image processing pipeline
    • Could offer a better segmentation and classification on specific brain image analysis such as in Multiple Sclerosis lesion segmentation

  • Raw T1 weighted MRI Image

  • T1 weighted MRI Image with AAD filter (q=1.2)

  • T1 weighted MRI Image with IAD filter (q=1.2)

  • DTI-FA map without image filtering process

  • DTI-FA map with AAD image filtering (q=0.4)

Similar Extensions

References

  • da S Senra Filho, A.C., Garrido Salmon, C.E. & Murta Junior, L.O., 2015. Anomalous diffusion process applied to magnetic resonance image enhancement. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(6), pp.2355–2373. DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2355
  • Filho, A.C. da S.S. et al., 2014. Anisotropic Anomalous Diffusion Filtering Applied to Relaxation Time Estimation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, pp. 3893–3896.
  • Filho, A.C. da S.S., Barizon, G.C. & Junior, L.O.M., 2014. Myocardium Segmentation Improvement with Anisotropic Anomalous Diffusion Filter Applied to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In Annual Meeting of Computing in Cardiology.
  • Filho, A.C. da S.S. et al., 2014. Brain Activation Inhomogeneity Highlighted by the Isotropic Anomalous Diffusion Filter. In Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Chicago: IEEE, pp. 3313–3316.
  • Senra Filho, A.C. da S., Duque, J.J. & Murta, L.O., 2013. Isotropic anomalous filtering in Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. I. E. in M. and B. Society, ed. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, 2013, pp.4022–5.

Information for Developers

Work in progress
 Section under construction.


Repositories:

  1. ↑ Tsallis, C. (2009). Introduction to Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics: Approaching a Complex World. Springer.
  2. ↑ Da S Senra Filho, A. C., Garrido Salmon, C. E., & Murta Junior, L. O. (2015). Anomalous diffusion process applied to magnetic resonance image enhancement. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(6), 2355–2373. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2355
  3. ↑ Da S Senra Filho, A. C., Garrido Salmon, C. E., & Murta Junior, L. O. (2015). Anomalous diffusion process applied to magnetic resonance image enhancement. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(6), 2355–2373. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2355
  4. ↑ Da S Senra Filho, A. C., Garrido Salmon, C. E., & Murta Junior, L. O. (2015). Anomalous diffusion process applied to magnetic resonance image enhancement. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(6), 2355–2373. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2355
  5. ↑ Senra Filho, A. C. da S., Duque, J. J., & Murta, L. O. (2013). Isotropic anomalous filtering in Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, 2013, 4022–5. doi:10.1109/EMBC.2013.6610427
  6. ↑ Senra Filho, A. C. da S., Simozo, F. H., Salmon, C. E. G., & Murta Junior, L. O. (2014). Anisotropic anomalous filter as a tool for decreasing patient exam time in diffusion-weighted MRI protocols. In XXIV Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering (pp. 0–3). Uberlandia.
  7. ↑ Filho, A. C. da S. S., Barbosa, J. H. O., Salmon, C. E. G. S., & Junior, L. O. M. (2014). Anisotropic Anomalous Diffusion Filtering Applied to Relaxation Time Estimation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 3893–3896). IEEE. doi:10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944474
  8. ↑ Filho, A. C. da S. S., Rondinoni, C., Santos, A. C. dos, & Junior, L. O. M. (2014). Brain Activation Inhomogeneity Highlighted by the Isotropic Anomalous Diffusion Filter. In Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 3313–3316). Chicago: IEEE. doi:10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944331
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